Alcatraz Island is located in the San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) offshore from San Francisco, California, U.S. Often referred to as “The Rock”, the small island was developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison, and a federal prison until 1963. Later, in 1972, Alcatraz became a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Today, the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area operates the island’s facilities; it is open to tours. Visitors can reach the island by ferry ride from Pier 33. The United States Department of Justice acquired the United States Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz on October 12, 1933, and the island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz) and George “Machine Gun” Kelly. During its 29 years of operation, the penitentiary claimed no prisoner had successfully escaped. PR
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